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amvalv1990PLUS

Oral Pathology Dental Hygiene Board Review

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Macrodontia: larger tooth than normal

microdontia: smaller than normal teeth; commonly affects lateral incisors and third molars

Gemination: single enlarged tooth which is partly-divided into two separate crowns in which the tooth count is normal.

Concrescence: union of two adjacent teeth by cementum

Dilaceration: an abonormal angulation or bend in the root or crown

Dense in dente: tooth within a tooth; usually maxillary lateral

Taurodontism: enlargement of the body of the tooth and pulp at the expense of the roots

Talon Cusp: an additional cusp on an anterior tooth projecting from the lingual surface; usually maxillary lateral or central

Hypodontia: lack of development of one or more teeth; commonly affects third molars, second bicuspids, maxillary laterals

supernumerary teeth: increased number of teeth; most common "mesiodens" then 4th molars

Enamel pearl: tiny globule of enamel found near the bifurcation on root surfaces near cemento-enamel junction; usually maxillary molars

Enamel hypoplasia: Defective formation of enamel matrix; crown shows pits or grooves

Enamel Hypocalcification: Defective mineralization; appears as localized white soft spots

Amelogenesis imperfecta: inherited disease that affects the enamel; enamel may be pitted, grooved, or lost

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: inherited disorder of dentin; amber color; bell shaped crowns; no pulp chambers

Pulp stones: calcification within the dental pulp

Hypercementosis: excessive amount of secondary cementum on tooth surface

Commissural lip pits: blind pits at corner of lips; 1 to 2 mm in diameter

Fordyce Granules: multiple yellow spots on the buccal mucosa and upper lip; ectopic sebaceous glands

Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: Diffuse overgrowth of gingival tissue

Micrognathia: small jaw; congenital seen in pierre-robin syndrome; acquired may result from TMJ disturbance

Macrognathia: large jaw; paget disease

Atrophic glossitis: smooth bald or beefy red tongue; iron or vitamin B deficiency; may have burning mouth

Lateral Lingual Tonsil (foliate papilla): located on posterior lateral tongue; made up of lymphoid tissue

Traumatic ulcer: Usually caused from ill-fitting dentures; common type of focal ulceration

Chemical burn: caused by chemicals or drugs such as aspirin; superficial white wrinkled appearance, mucosal sloughing

Leukodema: white translucent, filmy appearance on buccal mucosa that disappears when stretched

Leukoplakia: clinical term for white patch that can't be rubbed off

Actinic Cheilitis: keratosis that develops on the lips that may develop into a squamous cell carcinoma; from sun damage and smoking

Smokeless tobacco lesion: white wrinkled tissue, gingival recession, increased caries

Nicotine Stomatitis: from pipe smoking; whiter than normal palate with red spots; inflamed salivary glands

Epithelial Dysplasia: premalignant change in the epithelium with cellular alteration; clinical features same as hyperkeratosis or erythroplakia

Erythroplakia: clinical term for velvety red patch

Speckled Leukoplakia: clinical term for white and red lesion

Squamous cell carcinoma: most common oral cancer type; white patch, red patch, ulcer, papillary, pigmented

Verrucous Carcinoma: slow growing, exophytic type of oral cancer caused from chewing tobacco

Basal Cell Carcinoma: most common type of skin cancer; invades but doesn't metastasize

Squamous Papilloma: exophytic, cauliflower like lesion; pedunculated base; possible HPV origin

Verrucous Vulgaris: oral wart; evelevated verruciform or cauliflower-like lesion; broad base; HVP infection

Fibroma: smooth surfaced lesion of fibrous tissue up to 1.5 CM in diameter

Epulis Fissuratum: fibroma that develops in the vestibule due to an ill fitting denture

Pyogenic Granuloma: pregnancy tumor; exuberant growth of granulation tissue due to irritation; red, bleeds easy

Peripheral giant cell granuloma: reactive hyperplasia of gingival tissue due to irritation

Peripheral (ossifying) fibroma: fibrous tumor found on gingival tissue; firm and pink; may contain calcification

Lipoma: a benign tumor of fat; slow growing; soft and yellow

Hematoma: bleeding in tissue caused by trauma; dont' confuse with hemangioma

Hemangioma: proliferation of blood vessels; red or blue in color; will blanch on pressure

Smokers melanosis: increased melanin pigmentation due to heavy smoking; more common in females taking birth control pills

malignant melanoma: sunlight important; usually on maxilla

Addisons Disease: insufficient production of adrenal corticosteroid hormone; bronzing of skin and oral mucosa

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: oral and perioral pigmentation; intestinal polyps leads to obstruction due to telescoping of the bowl

Lichen Planus: white striae, usually on buccal mucosa; reticular or erosive; striae of wickham

Erosive lichen planus: painful type with ulcerations; more common in middle aged women

Aphthous ulcer (canker sore): painful lesions on moveable mucosa less than 1 cm; caused by stress or trauma

Primary herpes: usually in children under 10; bleeding and painful gingiva; high temperature

Recurrent herpes labialis: usually on lip; painful; contagious

Recurrent intraoral herpes: painful recurrent lesions on hard palate and/or gingiva; cluster of small ulcerations

Koplik's spots due to Rubeola

Candidiasis (moniliasis): white curds that wipe off (thrush)

Mucocele: soft, bluish, fluid-filled mass usually on lower lip due to trauma to minor salivary glands

Ranula: fluid-filled mass in floor of mouth associated with sublingual or submandibular duct; obstruction due to stone or trauma

Sialolithiasis: stone in salivary duct; causes swelling of gland

Sjogren's syndrome: systemic autoimmune condition often seen in middle-aged women; dry mouth (xerostomia)

Periapical granuloma: inflamed granulation tissue at apex of nonvital tooth; not a cyst

Periapical cyst: (radicular cyst): cyst located at apex of non-vital tooth; contains an epithelial lining (malassez's rest); preceded by dental granuloma

Lateral periodontal cyst: cyst most often located between mandibular (vital) bicuspids

Gingival cyst: soft tissue counterpart to the lateral periodontal cyst; soft, elevated bluish lesion

Dentigerous cyst: cyst associated with the crown of an impacted tooth

Eruption cyst: type of a dentigerous cyst; seen when the tooth erupts (a swelling on the ridge); soft, fluid-filled

Primordial cyst: cyst that may occur in the place of a tooth

Odontogenic keratocyst: a benign aggressive cyst with a high occurance rate; unilocular or multilocular

Incisive Canal Cyst (Nasopalatine cyst): cyst between the maxillary centrals

Globulomaxillary cyst: a cyst between the maxillary cuspid and lateral

Simple bone cyst (traumatic bone cyst): cyst often occurring between and below teeth (scalloped border)

Residual cyst: a periapical cyst left behind after the extraction of a tooth

ameloblastoma: usually in mandibular molar area; an odontogenic tumor

Comound odontoma: odontogenic tumor of multiple miniature teeth; usually in maxillary bicuspid area

Complex odontoma: irregular mass of dentin, enamel, and pulp tissue

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: 75 percent mandibular; multilocular or unilocular; contain calcified areas

Cementoblastoma: usually mandibular molar; vital teeth; radiopaque mass at apex with radiolucent border

Odontogenic Myxoma: soap bubble appearance; unilocular and multilocular lucency

Ameloblastic Fibroma: 70 percent in mandible; 50 percent associated with an unerupted tooth

Periapical cemental dysplasia: common lesion seen near apex of mandibular anterior teeth in black women

Idiopathic osteosclerosis: area of increased bone density of unknown cause